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LEGAL DICTIONARY

Intestacy

When you die without a will, and your assets surpass your debt, it is said you've died intestate. Below, you will get an intestacy definition, who inherits your property, the laws you need to know, and tools that can help you bypass probate.

What Does Intestacy Mean?

When someone dies “in intestacy,” they die without a legal last will and testament. The term “intestate” is the adjective used to describe a person who dies under such circumstances.

For example, if you die intestate, meaning you die without a will, your estate will be handled according to your state’s intestacy laws.

In most cases, the state probate court must decide how your assets will be distributed. Typically, the court determines that spouses and close relatives are the first in line as beneficiaries.

If the court determines that an existing will is invalid, the estate may also be deemed as intestate. In order to ensure your assets go to the heirs you choose, it is essential to create a valid last will and testament.

Who Inherits Property if You Die Intestate?

The rules of intestacy in your state determine who inherits your property when you die intestate. Generally, the intestate statute is designed to pass the inheritance to the closest family members.

The order starts with the most relevant and immediate family member, as it spreads out to distant relatives. The following is the overall order of the list:

  • Surviving spouse
  • Children
  • Grandchildren
  • Parents
  • Siblings
  • Nieces and Nephews
  • Grandparents
  • Aunts and Uncles
  • Cousins

The order in which the judge decides who gets what is called intestate succession. Typically, if you have a surviving spouse with no surviving parents, children, or grandchildren, the spouse receives your entire estate.

Although laws can vary from state to state, common law dictates that probate courts divide the estate among the surviving spouse and children.

If the deceased was unmarried or widowed at the time of their death, their assets are divided among any surviving children before any other relative.

If no next of kin can be located, the assets become the property of the state. The legal term for this situation is escheatment.

States do not give inheritance to relatives who mistreated the deceased person. For instance, if a spouse or child caused the death of the deceased person, they are prevented from benefiting from the death.

In addition, a parent who failed to support a child, abandoned them, or committed crimes against them cannot inherit from that child.

State Intestacy Laws

Intestacy laws across the states vary. For example, Florida intestacy laws contain provisions specific to whether the children are from the previous or current marriage, while Texas intestacy laws give more emphasis to the surviving spouse and children.

In addition, California intestacy laws, New York State intestacy laws, and Illinois intestacy laws use different approaches to handling stepchildren, community property, and descendants' rights.

The following table gives you links to every state’s intestacy statutes.

State Citation & Link
Alabama AL Code §§ 43-8-40 to 43-8-58
Alaska AK Stat. §§ 13.12.101 to 13.12.114
Arizona AZ Rev. Stat. §§ 14-2101 to 14-2114
Arkansas AR Code §§ 28-9-201 to 28-9-221
California CA Prob. Code §§ 6400 to 6455
Colorado CO Rev. Stat. §§ 15-11-101 to 15-11-122
Connecticut CT Gen. Stat. §§ 45a-273 to 45a-468m
Delaware DE Code Tit. 12 §§ 501 to 511
District of Columbia DC Code §§ 19-301 to 19-322
Florida FL Stat. §§ 732.101 to 732.111
Georgia GA Code §§ 53-2-1 to 53-2-51
Hawaii HI Rev. Stat. §§ 560:2-101 to 560:2-114
Idaho ID Code §§ 15-2-101 to 15-2-114
Illinois 755 ILCS 5/2-1 to 5/2-9
Indiana IN Code §§ 29-1-2-0.1 to 29-1-2-15
Iowa IA Code §§ 633.210 to 633.231
Kansas KS Stat. §§ 59-501 to 59-514
Kentucky KY Rev. Stat. §§ 391.010 to 391.360
Louisiana LA Civ. Code Tit. I, Art. 880 to 901
Maine ME Rev. Stat. Tit. 18-A §§ 2-101 to 2-114
Maryland MD Code, Estates & Trusts §§ 3-101 to 3-112
Massachusetts MA Gen. Laws Ch. 190B, §§ 2-101 to 2-114
Michigan MI Comp. Laws §§ 700.2101 to 700.2114
Minnesota MN Stat. §§ 524.2-101 to 524.2-123
Mississippi MS Code §§ 91-1-1 to 91-1-31
Missouri MO Rev. Stat. §§ 474.010 to 474.155
Montana MT Code Ann. §§ 72-11-101 to 72-11-104
Nebraska NE Rev. Stat. §§ 30-2301 to 30-2312
Nevada NV Rev. Stat. §§ 134.005 to 134.210
New Hampshire NH Rev. Stat. §§ 561:1 to 561:21
New Jersey NJ Stat. §§ 3B:5-1 to 3B:5-14.1
New Mexico NM Stat. §§ 45-2-101 to 45-2-122
New York NY Est. Powers & Trusts Law §§ 4-1.1 to 4-1.6
North Carolina NC Gen. Stat. §§ 29-1 to 29-30
North Dakota ND Cent. Code §§ 30.1-04-01 to 30.1-04-21
Ohio OH Rev. Code §§ 2105.01 to 2105.39
Oklahoma OK Stat. Tit. 84 §§ 213 to 232
Oregon OR Rev. Stat. §§ 112.015 to 112.115
Pennsylvania 20 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101 to 2110
Rhode Island RI Gen. Laws §§ 33-1-1 to 33-1-13
South Carolina SC Code §§ 62-2-101 to 62-2-114
South Dakota SD Codified Laws §§ 29A-2-101 to 29A-2-122
Tennessee TN Code §§ 31-2-101 to 31-2-110
Texas TX Est. Code §§ 201.001 to 201.151
Utah UT Code §§ 75-2-101 to 75-2-123
Vermont VT Stat. Tit. 14 §§ 301 to 324
Virginia VA Code §§ 64.2-100 to 64.2-123
Washington WA Rev. Code §§ 11.04.015 to 11.04.290
West Virginia WV Code §§ 42-1-1 to 42-1-12
Wisconsin WI Stat. §§ 852.01 to 852.13
Wyoming WY Stat. §§ 2-4-101 to 2-4-114

Estate Planning Tools to Bypass Probate

Creating and following an estate planning checklist is the best way to make sure your assets are where you want them to go after you pass away.

Setting up a trust is one way to bypass the lengthy probate process. Placing assets into a trust fund helps you manage and distribute your property smoothly without the court's involvement. A pour-over will is another estate planning tool that distributes assets not part of the trust.

Some people make the mistake of thinking wills and estate plans are only for the wealthy, but estate planning is for everyone. Your estate includes your:

  • Home
  • Vehicles
  • Bank accounts
  • Pets (the law considers them as property)
  • Personal items (including clothes, books, furniture, and heirlooms)

Another crucial estate planning tool to have is a last will and testament. It outlines your wishes for how your assets will be distributed after your demise. Our last will template serves as a reliable foundation to help you appoint the executor to make sure your wishes are fulfilled.

Start Your Last Will and Testament Now

Helpful Resources:

Cornell Law - Intestacy

NY Court - Intestacy: When There Is No Will

O'Flaherty Law - What Are the Inheritance Rights of Adopted Children in the US?

When you die without a will, and your assets surpass your debt, it is said you've died intestate. Below, you will get an intestacy definition, who inherits your property, the laws you need to know, and tools that can help you bypass probate.

What Does Intestacy Mean?

When someone dies “in intestacy,” they die without a legal last will and testament. The term “intestate” is the adjective used to describe a person who dies under such circumstances.

For example, if you die intestate, meaning you die without a will, your estate will be handled according to your state’s intestacy laws.

In most cases, the state probate court must decide how your assets will be distributed. Typically, the court determines that spouses and close relatives are the first in line as beneficiaries.

If the court determines that an existing will is invalid, the estate may also be deemed as intestate. In order to ensure your assets go to the heirs you choose, it is essential to create a valid last will and testament.

Who Inherits Property if You Die Intestate?

The rules of intestacy in your state determine who inherits your property when you die intestate. Generally, the intestate statute is designed to pass the inheritance to the closest family members.

The order starts with the most relevant and immediate family member, as it spreads out to distant relatives. The following is the overall order of the list:

  • Surviving spouse
  • Children
  • Grandchildren
  • Parents
  • Siblings
  • Nieces and Nephews
  • Grandparents
  • Aunts and Uncles
  • Cousins

The order in which the judge decides who gets what is called intestate succession. Typically, if you have a surviving spouse with no surviving parents, children, or grandchildren, the spouse receives your entire estate.

Although laws can vary from state to state, common law dictates that probate courts divide the estate among the surviving spouse and children.

If the deceased was unmarried or widowed at the time of their death, their assets are divided among any surviving children before any other relative.

If no next of kin can be located, the assets become the property of the state. The legal term for this situation is escheatment.

States do not give inheritance to relatives who mistreated the deceased person. For instance, if a spouse or child caused the death of the deceased person, they are prevented from benefiting from the death.

In addition, a parent who failed to support a child, abandoned them, or committed crimes against them cannot inherit from that child.

State Intestacy Laws

Intestacy laws across the states vary. For example, Florida intestacy laws contain provisions specific to whether the children are from the previous or current marriage, while Texas intestacy laws give more emphasis to the surviving spouse and children.

In addition, California intestacy laws, New York State intestacy laws, and Illinois intestacy laws use different approaches to handling stepchildren, community property, and descendants' rights.

The following table gives you links to every state’s intestacy statutes.

State Citation & Link
Alabama AL Code §§ 43-8-40 to 43-8-58
Alaska AK Stat. §§ 13.12.101 to 13.12.114
Arizona AZ Rev. Stat. §§ 14-2101 to 14-2114
Arkansas AR Code §§ 28-9-201 to 28-9-221
California CA Prob. Code §§ 6400 to 6455
Colorado CO Rev. Stat. §§ 15-11-101 to 15-11-122
Connecticut CT Gen. Stat. §§ 45a-273 to 45a-468m
Delaware DE Code Tit. 12 §§ 501 to 511
District of Columbia DC Code §§ 19-301 to 19-322
Florida FL Stat. §§ 732.101 to 732.111
Georgia GA Code §§ 53-2-1 to 53-2-51
Hawaii HI Rev. Stat. §§ 560:2-101 to 560:2-114
Idaho ID Code §§ 15-2-101 to 15-2-114
Illinois 755 ILCS 5/2-1 to 5/2-9
Indiana IN Code §§ 29-1-2-0.1 to 29-1-2-15
Iowa IA Code §§ 633.210 to 633.231
Kansas KS Stat. §§ 59-501 to 59-514
Kentucky KY Rev. Stat. §§ 391.010 to 391.360
Louisiana LA Civ. Code Tit. I, Art. 880 to 901
Maine ME Rev. Stat. Tit. 18-A §§ 2-101 to 2-114
Maryland MD Code, Estates & Trusts §§ 3-101 to 3-112
Massachusetts MA Gen. Laws Ch. 190B, §§ 2-101 to 2-114
Michigan MI Comp. Laws §§ 700.2101 to 700.2114
Minnesota MN Stat. §§ 524.2-101 to 524.2-123
Mississippi MS Code §§ 91-1-1 to 91-1-31
Missouri MO Rev. Stat. §§ 474.010 to 474.155
Montana MT Code Ann. §§ 72-11-101 to 72-11-104
Nebraska NE Rev. Stat. §§ 30-2301 to 30-2312
Nevada NV Rev. Stat. §§ 134.005 to 134.210
New Hampshire NH Rev. Stat. §§ 561:1 to 561:21
New Jersey NJ Stat. §§ 3B:5-1 to 3B:5-14.1
New Mexico NM Stat. §§ 45-2-101 to 45-2-122
New York NY Est. Powers & Trusts Law §§ 4-1.1 to 4-1.6
North Carolina NC Gen. Stat. §§ 29-1 to 29-30
North Dakota ND Cent. Code §§ 30.1-04-01 to 30.1-04-21
Ohio OH Rev. Code §§ 2105.01 to 2105.39
Oklahoma OK Stat. Tit. 84 §§ 213 to 232
Oregon OR Rev. Stat. §§ 112.015 to 112.115
Pennsylvania 20 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2101 to 2110
Rhode Island RI Gen. Laws §§ 33-1-1 to 33-1-13
South Carolina SC Code §§ 62-2-101 to 62-2-114
South Dakota SD Codified Laws §§ 29A-2-101 to 29A-2-122
Tennessee TN Code §§ 31-2-101 to 31-2-110
Texas TX Est. Code §§ 201.001 to 201.151
Utah UT Code §§ 75-2-101 to 75-2-123
Vermont VT Stat. Tit. 14 §§ 301 to 324
Virginia VA Code §§ 64.2-100 to 64.2-123
Washington WA Rev. Code §§ 11.04.015 to 11.04.290
West Virginia WV Code §§ 42-1-1 to 42-1-12
Wisconsin WI Stat. §§ 852.01 to 852.13
Wyoming WY Stat. §§ 2-4-101 to 2-4-114

Estate Planning Tools to Bypass Probate

Creating and following an estate planning checklist is the best way to make sure your assets are where you want them to go after you pass away.

Setting up a trust is one way to bypass the lengthy probate process. Placing assets into a trust fund helps you manage and distribute your property smoothly without the court's involvement. A pour-over will is another estate planning tool that distributes assets not part of the trust.

Some people make the mistake of thinking wills and estate plans are only for the wealthy, but estate planning is for everyone. Your estate includes your:

  • Home
  • Vehicles
  • Bank accounts
  • Pets (the law considers them as property)
  • Personal items (including clothes, books, furniture, and heirlooms)

Another crucial estate planning tool to have is a last will and testament. It outlines your wishes for how your assets will be distributed after your demise. Our last will template serves as a reliable foundation to help you appoint the executor to make sure your wishes are fulfilled.

Start Your Last Will and Testament Now

Helpful Resources:

Cornell Law - Intestacy

NY Court - Intestacy: When There Is No Will

O'Flaherty Law - What Are the Inheritance Rights of Adopted Children in the US?